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Science is systematic knowledge of the physical or material world gained through observation and experimentation. Technologies are not usually exclusively products of science, because they have to satisfy requirements such as utility, usability, and safety. Philosophical debates have arisen over the use of technology, with disagreements over whether technology improves the human condition or worsens it. Scientific American is part of Springer Nature, which owns or has commercial relations with thousands of scientific publications (many of them can be found at /us). Scientific American maintains a strict policy of editorial independence in reporting developments in science to our readers. What Is Technology? In medicine, this era brought innovations such as open-heart surgery and later stem-cell therapy along with new medications and treatments. Scientific advances and the discovery of new concepts later allowed for powered flight and developments in medicine , chemistry, physics, a